A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regions It's more than a century since scientists first identified the ionosphere, the layer of the Earth s upper atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Our understanding of this dynamic part of the near-Earth space environment has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to new observational technologies, improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities. Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of historic developments, recent advances, and future directions in ionospheric research. Volume highlights include: Behavior of the ionosphere in different regions from the poles to the equator Distinct characteristics of the high-, mid-, and low-latitude ionosphere Observational results from ground- and space-based instruments Ionospheric impacts on radio signals and satellite operations How earthquakes and tsunamis on Earth cause disturbances in the ionosphere The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief

A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regionsIt's more than a century since scientists first identified the ionosphere, the layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Our understanding of this dynamic part of the near-Earth space environment has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to new observational technologies, improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities.Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of historic developments, recent advances, and future directions in ionospheric research.Volume highlights include:* Behavior of the ionosphere in different regions from the poles to the equator* Distinct characteristics of the high-, mid-, and low-latitude ionosphere* Observational results from ground- and space-based instruments* Ionospheric impacts on radio signals and satellite operations* How earthquakes and tsunamis on Earth cause disturbances in the ionosphereThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief

List of Contributors viiPreface xiPart I: The Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere 11 Magnetospheric Energy Input to the Ionosphere 3Cheryl Huang2 High Latitude Ionospheric Convection 21Stephen E. Milan and Adrian Grocott3 Multiscale Dynamics in the High-Latitude Ionosphere 49Yukitoshi Nishimura, Yue Deng, Larry R. Lyons, Ryan M. McGranaghan, and Matthew D. Zettergren4 Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research 67Shasha Zou, Gareth W. Perry, and John C. Foster5 Polar Cap O+ Ion Outflow and Its Impact on Magnetospheric Dynamics 83Binzheng Zhang and Oliver J. BramblesPart II: The Subauroral and Midlatitude Ionosphere 1156 Ionospheric Storm-Enhanced Density Plumes 117John C. Foster, Shasha Zou, Roderick A. Heelis, and Philip J. Erickson7 Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries 127Stein Haaland, Bjørn Lybekk, Lukas Maes, Karl Magnus Laundal, Arne Pedersen, Paul Tenfjord, Anders Ohma, Nikolai Østgaard, Jone Reistad, and Kristian Snekvik8 Mesoscale and Small-Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace 139Evgeny Mishin and Anatoly StreltsovPart III: The Low-Latitude Ionosphere 1599 Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics 161Bela G. Fejer and Astrid Maute10 Theory and Modeling of Equatorial Spread F 185Joe D. Huba11 Observations of Equatorial Spread F: A Working Hypothesis 201Roland T. Tsunoda12 The Equatorial Electrojet 281Hermann Lühr, Patrick Alken, and Yun-Liang Zhou13 Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Variations During Geomagnetic Storms 301Xiaoli LuanPart IV: Global Ionospheric Processes 31314 Penetration of the Magnetospheric Electric Fields to the Low Latitude Ionosphere 315Takashi Kikuchi15 Ionosphere and Thermosphere Coupling at Mid- and Subauroral Latitudes 339Shun-Rong Zhang16 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impacts on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System: A Review of Recent Progress 369Larisa P. Goncharenko, V. Lynn Harvey, Huixin Liu, and Nicholas M. Pedatella17 Ionospheric Dynamics and Their Strong Longitudinal Dependences 401Endawoke Yizengaw18 Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances 421Yuichi OtsukaPart V: Ionospheric Impacts on Applications 43919 Ionospheric Effects on HF Radio Wave Propagation 441Manuel A. Cervera, Trevor J. Harris, David A. Holdsworth, and David J. Netherway20 Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Satellite Navigation 493Seebany Datta-Barua, Eric Altshuler, Todd Walter, and Sam Pullen21 Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Earthquakes 511Kosuke Heki22 Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis 527Michael P. HickeyIndex 543